Đurić, Stefan Komarov, Dimitri Pantaleoni, Claudio (2008), Chess Opening Essentials, vol 1: the complete 1.e4, New In Chess, ISBN 978-90-5691-203-1.The Wikibook Chess Opening Theory has a page on the topic of: Open Game 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Be2 Inverted Hungarian Opening.1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.g3 Konstantinopolsky Opening.1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.c3 Ponziani Opening.1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 Nf6 Four Knights Game.1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Nc3 without 3.Nf6 Three Knights Game.1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Be7 Hungarian Defense.1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 Two Knights Defense.1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Bc5 Giuoco Piano.The Bongcloud Attack (2.Ke2) is considered a joke opening. The Portuguese Opening (2.Bb5) and Alapin's Opening (2.Ne2) are offbeat tries for White, but neither gain any advantage against correct play. The Napoleon Opening, 2.Qf3, has even less to recommend it as Black can easily block any mating threats without compromising their development. The early development of the queen in the Danvers Opening, also known as the Parham Attack (2.Qh5), is usually played only by amateurs, though Hikaru Nakamura has experimented with it in grandmaster tournaments and was able to achieve a reasonable position. An alternative is to sacrifice one or two pawns by offering the Danish Gambit (3.c3). In the Center Game (2.d4), White immediately opens the center, though if the pawn is to be recovered after 2.exd4, White must prematurely develop their queen. ![]() The Vienna Game also frequently features attacks on the Black center by means of f2–f4. White offers a pawn for speedy development, as well as to attack Black's central outpost. ![]() The King's Gambit was popular in the nineteenth century with grandmaster and amateur alike. These three openings have some similarities some of the quieter lines in the Vienna and Bishop's Opening can transpose to positional variations of the King's Gambit Declined, when White plays f2–f4 before playing Nf3. The most popular alternatives to 2.Nf3 are 2.f4 (the King's Gambit), 2.Nc3 (the Vienna Game), and 2.Bc4 (the Bishop's Opening). The Damiano Defense (2.f6) may be met by either 3.Nxe5 or 3.Bc4 with advantage and is almost never seen. The Elephant Gambit (2.d5) and the Latvian Gambit (2.f5) are considered very risky for Black, with the latter usually seen only in correspondence play. The Gunderam Defense (2.Qe7) is an offbeat choice which blocks the development of the king's bishop, and has never achieved widespread popularity. For this reason, it largely fell out of favor by the early 20th century as Black players sought more dynamic options however, it is still occasionally seen at grandmaster level. The Philidor Defense (2.d6) has the disadvantage of restricting the mobility of Black's king's bishop, and typically leads to solid but passive positions for Black. Other third moves for White such as the Konstantinopolsky Opening (3.g3), and Inverted Hungarian Opening (3.Be2) are rarely played and offer White no advantage.īlack's most popular alternative to 2.Nc6 is 2.Nf6, usually leading to Petrov's Defense, though White can avoid the extensive theory of the Petrov by playing 3.Nc3. The Ponziani Opening (3.c3) has never achieved widespread popularity but is occasionally used as a surprise weapon. Bb4, (the Three Knights Game), are possible. After 3.exd4 White may either recapture with 4.Nxd4, usually leading to an equal game, or play the Scotch Gambit (4.Bc4), a dangerous tactical line against an unprepared opponent.ģ.Nc3 Nf6, the Four Knights Game, was often played in the late 19th to early 20th century. The Scotch Game (3.d4) was popular in the 19th century and remains so at amateur level. The Italian Game (3.Bc4) is a popular alternative, usually leading to either the Giuoco Piano (3.Bc5) or the Two Knights Defense (3.Nf6). This can lead to the Ruy Lopez (3.Bb5), one of the most popular openings at all levels of chess, and one of the most extensively analyzed. The most popular second move for White is 2.Nf3 (the King's Knight Opening), attacking Black's king pawn, preparing to castle kingside, and preparing for d2–d4.īlack's most common reply to 2.Nf3 is 2.Nc6. If Black keeps the symmetry by replying 1.e5, the result is an Open Game ( Hooper & Whyld 1996:279) ( Watson 2006:87–90). Bobby Fischer wrote that 1.e4 is "Best by test." On the negative side, 1.e4 places a pawn on an undefended square and weakens the squares d4 and f4. The oldest openings in chess follow 1.e4. ![]() White opens by playing 1.e4, which is the most popular opening move and has many strengths – it immediately stakes a claim in the center, and frees two pieces (the queen and king's bishop) for action.
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